093_02M_q09
93 學測數學 第 9 題
📅 93 年 📝 學測數學 第 9 題 題型:多選 課綱:99課綱
如右圖 $O\text{-}ABCD$ 為一金字塔,底是邊長為 $1$ 之正方形,頂點 $O$ 與 $A$、$B$、$C$、$D$ 之距離均為 $2$。試問下列哪些式子是正確的?
金字塔O-ABCD示意圖
金字塔O-ABCD示意圖
  1. $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OA} + \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OB} + \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OC} + \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OD} = \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{0}$
  2. $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OA} + \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OB} - \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OC} - \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OD} = \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{0}$
  3. $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OA} - \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OB} + \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OC} - \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OD} = \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{0}$
  4. $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OA} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OB} = \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OC} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OD}$
  5. $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OA} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OC} = 2$
向量加法向量內積正方形金字塔空間向量空間向量與空間中的直線與平面
答案

(3)(4)

多選題

詳解
設 $ABCD$ 為邊長 $1$ 的正方形,$M$ 為 $ABCD$ 的中心。建立坐標系: $A = \left(\dfrac{1}{2}, \dfrac{1}{2}, 0\right)$,$B = \left(-\dfrac{1}{2}, \dfrac{1}{2}, 0\right)$,$C = \left(-\dfrac{1}{2}, -\dfrac{1}{2}, 0\right)$,$D = \left(\dfrac{1}{2}, -\dfrac{1}{2}, 0\right)$,$O = (0, 0, h)$,其中 $h^2 + \dfrac{1}{2} = 4$,$h = \sqrt{\dfrac{7}{2}}$。 $(1)$ $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OA} + \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OB} + \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OC} + \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OD} = (A+B+C+D) - 4O = (0, 0, -4h) eq \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{0}$,錯誤。 $(2)$ $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OA} + \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OB} - \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OC} - \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OD} = A + B - C - D = (0, 2, 0) eq \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{0}$,錯誤。 $(3)$ $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OA} - \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OB} + \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OC} - \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OD} = A - B + C - D = (0, 0, 0) = \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{0}$,正確。 $(4)$ $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OA} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OB} = \dfrac{1}{2} \times \left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right) + \dfrac{1}{2} \times \dfrac{1}{2} + h^2 = h^2$;$\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OC} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OD} = \left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right) \times \dfrac{1}{2} + \left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right) \times \left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right) + h^2 = h^2$。故 $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OA} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OB} = \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OC} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OD}$,正確。 $(5)$ $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OA} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{OC} = \dfrac{1}{2} \times \left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right) + \dfrac{1}{2} \times \left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right) + h^2 = h^2 - \dfrac{1}{2} = \dfrac{7}{2} - \dfrac{1}{2} = 3 eq 2$,錯誤。 故答案為 $(3)(4)$。

題目來源:大學入學考試中心公開試題。

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