095_07A_q07
95 指考數學甲 第 7 題
📅 95 年 📝 指考數學甲 第 7 題 題型:選填 課綱:99課綱
設 $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u}, \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}$ 為兩非零向量。以 $\left|\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u}\right|$ 表 $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u}$ 之長度,若 $\left|\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u}\right| = 2 \left|\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}\right| = \left|2\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u} + 3\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}\right|$,且 $\theta$ 表 $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u}$ 與 $\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}$ 之夾角,則 $\cos \theta =$ ____。(化成最簡分數)
向量的內積與夾角向量長度的平方平面向量平面向量
解題手法公式代入〔AI 推測〕
答案

$-\dfrac{7}{8}$

詳解
設 $\left|\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}\right| = k > 0$,則根據題意: $$\left|\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u}\right| = 2k, \ \left|2\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u} + 3\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}\right| = 2k$$ 將長度等式兩邊平方,得: $$\left|2\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u} + 3\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}\right|^2 = (2k)^2$$ $$4\left|\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u}\right|^2 + 12(\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}) + 9\left|\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}\right|^2 = 4k^2$$ 將 $\left|\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u}\right| = 2k$ 與 $\left|\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}\right| = k$ 代入,得: $$4(2k)^2 + 12(\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}) + 9k^2 = 4k^2$$ $$16k^2 + 12(\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}) + 9k^2 = 4k^2$$ $$25k^2 + 12(\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}) = 4k^2 \implies 12(\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}) = -21k^2 \implies \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v} = -\dfrac{7}{4}k^2$$ 又向量內積定義為: $$\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u} \cdot \overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v} = \left|\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{u}\right|\left|\overset{\large\rightharpoonup}{v}\right|\cos\theta = (2k)(k)\cos\theta = 2k^2\cos\theta$$ 因此: $$2k^2\cos\theta = -\dfrac{7}{4}k^2 \implies \cos\theta = -\dfrac{7}{8}$$

題目來源:大學入學考試中心公開試題。

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